Understanding Fatherhood in Kenyan Context

Fathers hold crucial roles in the development and biopsychosocial wellbeing of children (Sarkadi et al., 2008). However, few studies examine the role of fathers, particularly fathers residing in low and middle income countries (LMIC). To better understand the role of fathers in the Kenyan context, we conducted the first systematic qualitative assessment of fathering in Kenya. In-depth interviews (N=20) and focus groups (N=13) with mothers, fathers, and service providers informed the following themes: (a) Kenyan father’s parenting behaviors, (b) Kenyan father’s relationship with other family members, and (c) contextual conditions that may influence Kenyan father’s parenting. The themes and sub-themes were developed based on Cabrera’s expanded model of father-child relationships (Cabrera et al., 2014). Results indicated that providing for the family’s needs and modeling appropriate behavior were the often the primary roles of fathers. Fathers also reported heavy reliance on physical discipline (e.g., caning). However, some fathers expressed that physical discipline should be a last resort for various reasons. Reports of marital conflict, as well as the absence of fathers, were prevalent while discussing fathers’ relationships with other family members. Participants also identified poverty and lack of resources as challenges for father’s parenting. The discussion will offer guidance on how understanding fatherhood in the Kenyan Context can contribute to developing culturally-sensitive parenting programs in Kenya.